High Altitude Balloon (HAB) Tracking

by David A. Rush, KY7DR, @ky7dr

Introduction

In this article I will do my best to describe the systems I have used in order to help track high altitude balloons launched by the Columbus Space Program. Hopefully it will be useful to others.

Amateur Radio and APRS

Most of the radio equipment discussed operates within the Amateur Radio service and requires an Amateur Radio license in order to operate a transmitter (anyone can operate a receiver on Amateur Radio frequencies without a license). Most of the radio equipment uses APRS which enables GPS-equipped devices to transmit data bursts that tell anyone listening the location (longitude and latitude) of the device, and often other information as well.

Definitions

Amateur Radio
Ham radio description
APRS
Automatic Packet Reporting System
TNC
Terminal Node Controller, a device which interfaces between a computer and a radio transceiver.
GPS
Global Positioning System, a satellite-based system which enables equipment on the ground to determine its location on or above the surface of the earth.

The Trackee

Trackee is not a commonly used term, but I will use it to refer to equipment that flies with balloon payloads and enables them to be tracked, usually via the APRS.

W4CHS-12 Trackee

Kantronics KPC-3, Kenwood handheld transceiver (HT), GPS

W4CHS-11 Trackee

Byonics MT-1000

W4CHS-4 Trackee

Argent Data Systems Friendcom F-301 radio (no longer available from Argent Data Systems) with integrated Tracker3 T3-Mini and GPS.

W4CHS-3 Trackee

Argent Data Sytems Tracker3 T3-Mini, SRB MX145 radio transmitter, and GPS.

Trackee GPS Issues

Due to government regulations many GPS receivers are designed to stop providing position information when the receiver is above approximately 60,000 feet. There are perfectly legal GPS receivers that will work above 60,000 feet. When choosing a GPS receiver to fly on a trackee, it's important to choose one that will work above 60,000 feet.

APRS Path and HABs

The Tracker

A tracker is a set of equipment used by a ground station, often in a vehicle, to determine the location of a balloon payload's trackee. There are many ways to assemble such a ground tracker which can be used to help monitor, chase, and recover a balloon payload equipped as a trackee.

Laptop-Based Tracker

A traditional tracking setup is to equip a laptop computer with a TNC, radio transceiver, GPS receiver, and APRS software such as UI-View, YAAC, or Xastir.

Smart Phone or Tablet-based Tracker

Another popular tracking setup is an Android or iOS device (phone or tablet) connected via Bluetooth to a TNC and radio.

Resources